From Darkness to Light…

Our family celebrated St. Lucia Day on Sunday, with some friends, having breakfast by candlelight, celebrating the light within darkness.  

Yesterday, December 14th, was the 97th anniversary of B.K.S. Iyengar’s, Guruji’s, birthday. Soon, we celebrate the winter solstice, the darkest day of the year for those of us in the western hemisphere, and we start coming out from darkness.

 In classes we have been practicing chanting the Guru Strotram along with the Patanjali chant. Guru is a sanskrit word that is usually translated as teacher, but the roots of the word means “darkness, light” and the meaning is one who brings others from darkness to light. B.K.S. Iyengar was someone who brought yoga to many, millions of people around the world, and he brought so many, thousands and thousands, from darkness into light.  What is darkness? Fear, pain, suffering & confusion on physical, mental & spiritual levels.  

I am profoundly grateful to have been brought into light by teachers, trained by B.K.S. Iyengar and granted the immense responsibility to pass on his teachings.  They did it so well that for me as a young woman, it was a very big desire, a singular goal of my twenties, to be able to travel to India to study at the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute (RIMYI) to be near to him and learn. There was a lot of work and sacrifice that went into venturing for that trip.  I treasure those two months of daily practice mornings at the Institute, the awe of his brilliance, the will and vigor of his practice, even at the age of 88: 30 minute Sirsasana (headstand), 10 minute Kapotasana (pigeon pose).  He taught classes for us through his granddaughter, Abhijata, and sometimes Geeta, while he practiced in the back of the room, shouting out instructions for us, to her.  I watched him work in the medical classes, full of compassion, working with the hopeless and bringing them some relief, some healing, and some hope.  I am remembering afternoon hours in the basement library,  studying near Guruji working at his desk, and greeting him daily-- his sparkling eyes, and brilliant smile. That time being close to him, I will never forget.  He worked and practiced and strived to show us the way, even through old age, to give hope and transmit yoga, to set that example of constant practice for us all.  It is simultaneously humbling and uplifting.  When we see the photographs of his practice through the decades, of his asanas, and see the example of how he worked for understanding, for clarity, not only to help himself but to help others, may that be an inspiration for our practice.  Here are some photographs from one of his asana practices at age 94 in the hall at RIMYI in the last month of his life. 

B.K.S. Iyengar had to work so much to overcome poverty, disease, illness, weakness, and lack of education. His one chance in life was that he was sent to live with his brother in law, the yoga guru, Krishnamacharya, when he was 15 years old.  That was his beginning. Yoga saved his life and he brought it out in the world for all of us. Now even if you have not met B.K.S. Iyengar, or have just learned of his existence this year, by coming to these classes, you are all students of Guruji.

This is what the chant is about at the beginning of classes. There is a word for it: parampara, which means lineage and tradition through which the teachings are passed on.  So we pay honor to him as our teacher, whether he is our teacher’s teacher, or our teacher’s teacher’s teacher. We transmit this lineage and the light he has passed on through the power of our practice, the courage and compassion of our actions. This is the work that we do to bring yoga more into our lives, looking for the light in ourselves and others, and coming out of our darkness,  from ignorance into clarity and understanding, for refinement of action and being.  From dullness & darkness into vibrancy, from depression into openness and peace, that is the meaning of Guru. May he inspire us all to practice yoga and realize these things for ourselves. 

"Use each experience as a stepping stone." --B.K.S. Iyengar

This post is the second part of the exploration of facing challenges in our practice begun in this post: "Venture from the Known to the Unknown" 

The methodology of yoga abhyasa (constant, sustained effort in practice) is there for transformation.  In my classes with Prashant Iyengar (BKS Iyengar's son, and co-director of the Ramamani Iyengar Yoga Institute in Pune, India), reminders to "assess the conditions" became like a mantra, repeated seemingly endlessly, encouraging not just the "doing" aspect of asana or pranayama, but the "reflective" aspect. Not just "doing", but "learning" by asking: "What is happening now?" "What are the conditions of the body today in this practice, in this asana, right now?" Taking perspective with our body is learned first, when we learn to "turn our leg out" in Utthita Trikonasana (Extended Triangle Pose) and must assess whether the thigh has also turned out completely in line with the knee and lower leg.  The muscular-skeletal body, the annamaya kosa (outermost sheath/layer), comes first as it is most tangible and we can feel it and sense it.  The mind turns in to assess the present condition of all of the body's limbs, the spine from tailbone to skull, all the attendant parts of the body, skin, flesh, bone. When those are positioned and adjusted, and studied, the practitioner seeks deeper understanding:  "What are the conditions of the breath?" "What are the conditions of the mind?"  In order to make progress, the practitioner learns to objectify his or her self (with the body as the starting place), and its challenges (pain, injuries, difficulties, weaknesses, mental/emotional imbalances etc). We learn to see difficulties not as good or bad, but simply opportunities (our work) in the present under the present circumstances to SEE.  When there is pain and difficulty we watch to see what we are doing that may be contributing to the difficulty, see what new behavior helps, and thereby learn refinement of our actions. 

Studying the breath within the asana gives insight: What are the conditions of breath right now? What are the conditions of the breath while going into the pose, while staying in the pose, while working this action or that action? This is simultaneous action and reflection, or as my teacher, Manouso Manos, has instructed, "Pose and repose." When we are facing difficulty, observing the breath helps the practitioner see where there is holding (shown by tightness, breath not reaching) or reacting (pushing with breath, holding breath). Then we can ask, "is it appropriate tension?", "where should the breath be flowing?", "where some space be opened for breathing amidst the difficulty?"  Observation of the breath also gives insight into what is happening on the mental level including emotional difficulties that arise in practice. 

 On the emotional/intellectual/instinctual level, as our practice moves deeper  (venturing into the unknown) at new levels of intensity (which may be physical, or mental/emotional/intellectual), the practitioner becomes aware of the klesas. Saying out loud: " I can't do this!" comes to mind. Sometimes new physical sensations or efforts stir up a fear reaction (abhinivesah):  "Is it safe to feel that? Will it hurt ME?" Here we have asmita beginning to arise: "is this good for ME?" "This is hard for ME because..."    And asmita coupled with raga (aversion): "This is really not for ME." It is time to re-direct our attention to the breath when we "hear" the consciousness arguing against continuing the practice. Just continuing to breathe normally requires will, courage, presence and discipline.  Breathing evenly with attention transforms intolerable conditions (for who can stay long in any position without breath?) and helps us bear discomfort, intensity, and anxiety by calming the mind.  

Again, B.K.S. Iyengar's wisdom comes to mind: "We can rise above our limitations once we begin to recognize them." Seeing these afflictions is the starting place for transcending them. They hold the potential to be our stepping stones for the cultivation of wisdom. 

 

The next installment will address yoga's tools for overcoming these afflictions, and more explanation of the kosas (layers) of our selves. 

one year anniversary

of B.K.S. Iyengar (or Guruji, as he has been affectionately called by his students)'s death at age 95 last year. Yesterday evening's class, in his memory, close to the time of his passing, we chanted the Guru Strotram together.  We will continue that at the beginning of tonight's and Saturday's classes.  All classes are working on versions and stages of Dwi Pada Viparita Dandasana (the yogi's prostration) this week. Whether you can make it to class this week or not, I hope you will take some time for practice and quiet reflection on his life. I am remembering those summer months when he was nearby practicing in the Institute just feet away: his bushy eyebrows over sparkling eyes, joyful smiles of pure delight, his enduring masterful poses and awe inspiring practices, and pranams, his weathered feet. 

As students of B.K.S. Iyengar, or as students of his students, we are part of a yoga parampara (lineage/tradition.)  On the day before he died, speaking to his granddaughter, Abhijata, Mr. Iyengar said, "I have shown you all these things, now realize them for yourself." 

"The goal is near for those who are supremely vigorous and intense in practice." (Y.S. I.21)

 May we be continually uplifted and led by his sadhana (long and enduring practice).

 

 

"Venture from the known to the unknown"

"Venture from the known to the unknown."  --B. K. S. Iyengar

Working with challenging āsanas (postures) or difficult aspects or intricacies in our practice brings opportunities to cultivate wisdom, tolerance, and equanimity.  There is a difference between performing practice  for "cosmetic reasons" (outward physical beauty, social recognition or status, or even physical comfort) and practicing with undivided attention to work inward to cultivate physical, emotional, spiritual health and tranquillity.   

Patanjali names five kleśas (afflictions) that disturb the practitioner's equilibrium of consciousness: avidyā (ignorance or lack of wisdom or true knowledge on the intellectual level), asmitā (egoism --conception of individuality, emotional level), rāga (attachment to pleasurable experiences, also emotional), dvesa (aversion to unpleasantness, sorrow, pain, distress, agony, emotional level), and finally, abhiniveśa (instinctual clinging to life, fear of dying). (Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, II.3) 

B.K.S. Iyengar wrote that Patanjali's "Yoga is designed to help us avoid the slips and errors in our judgment which stores up future sorrows, and it builds up our strength, vigor, and courage to deal with the inevitable problems of life." Cultivating discrimination, the yoga practitioner changes their conduct. (Iyengar, Light on Patañjali's Yoga Sutras, p. 135)

 Working with difficulty in our āsana practice inevitably brings up frustrations, sorrows, physical pain, aversion, and fear.  Many of us have had the experience of a challenging asana becoming easier, perhaps joyful and comfortable, and then to want to repeat that experience many times in future practices. It is common to want to avoid difficulty and  seek out the pleasurable ease of the poses that are accessible, the "known". The trouble with this is that we may become stuck in a rut, and instead of transforming, be caught up in wanting to repeat past experiences that may have been working for us at one time but are no longer bringing about transformation on any level. Are we still paying attention in the comfortable asana, still looking for insight, searching into a state of absorption?

B.K.S. Iyengar advised "Change leads to disappointment if it is not sustained.  Transformation is sustained change and it is achieved through practice."  

There will be more on how to recognize and work with these challenges in our practice in the upcoming posts. Thanks for reading!

The Power of Practice -- Membership Drive for IYNAUS

"The Power of Practice" 

IYCGR is hosting a Membership Drive for the Iyengar Yoga National Association of the United States ( or "IYNAUS")

on

January 1st,  10am -12:30 pm  *please come 15 min early, to register for IYNAUS membership

The Power of Practice

Learn how to ignite and fan the flame of your personal practice. Principles of sequencing, inspiration for practice, advice for overcoming obstacles, and yoga philosophy will be shared. Practice questions will be answered. Students will also be led through an inspiring and uplifting sequence of postures for the new year, and winter season. 

To register for this event, please RSVP to Jennifer Beaumont. At the workshop, students will register online for membership in the IYNAUS (at a cost of $60 for individual membership). There is no fee to be paid to IYCGR.  

Membership Benefits include: 

  • receiving the IYNAUS member's magazine, Yoga Samachar, published twice annually.
  • email bulletins with special information about Iyengar Yoga and news from India
  • 10% discount on purchases from the IYNAUS online store
  • Opportunity to attend IYNAUS workshops and member events, including discounts and early registration
  • Downloadable practice sequences
  • Scholarships for study
  • Opportunity to subscribe to Yoga Rahasya, the quarterly journal from Pune
  • discount card for purchases from Office Max
  • Access to database of asana photos (under development)
  • inclusion in one of the largest Iyengar Yoga communities in the world

Tributes to B.K.S. Iyengar in the News

BKS Iyengar Tribute Essays "Remembering a Yoga Icon" article by Refinery29 interviewing Iyengar Yoga teachers, Tori Milner and Carrie Owerko. August 26, 2014.

The Global Legacy of Yoga's Master  from On Point, Boston's NPR news station, Sept. 2, 2014.

BBC News Magazine: BKS Iyengar: the man who helped bring yoga to the west... August 21, 2014.

The New Yorker: Iyengar and The Invention of Yoga. August 23, 2014.

The Wall Street Journal: Yoga Guru B.K.S. Iyengar Dies in India. August 20, 2014.

The Guardian: B.K.S. Iyengar Obituary. August 20, 2014.

ABC News: B.K.S. Iyengar's Influence of U.S. Yoga Studios Flows On... August 20, 2014.